Dystopian Fiction During the Cold War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1918 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Richard M. Nixon once said, The Cold War isnt thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isnt sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting. The Cold War was a period of high tensions that lasted from 1947 to 1991. The two sides of the conflict were the Soviet Union and its allies (supporters of communism) and the United States and its allies (supporters of democracy). Each side of the Cold War aimed at spreading their ideologies to the rest of the world. The Soviet Union wanted to spread communism, while America wanted to spread democracy. This war was very different from previous wars, however, as it was not fought with actual warfare. Instead, the Cold War was fought via an arms race, the Space Race, and propaganda. In these ways, the Cold War dominated every aspect of society. In other words, it was a total war. In this total war, everything in America became about the war, from the treatment of suspected communists to entertainment. Many people were accused of being communists, and even though they were falsely accused, it greatly affected their lives. The movies that came out during the Cold War were almost strictly anti-communist propaganda. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dystopian Fiction During the Cold War" essay for you Create order In addition to movies, literature also represented American society during this time. The specific genre of literature that became highly popularized during the Cold War was dystopian fiction. This genre played off of the fears present in many people at that time. Three novels that came from this genre were 1984 by George Orwell, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, and Cats Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut. Each of these novels took a different perspective on a similar topic: fear and its impact on society. Impacts of the Cold War on Society The war against communism had a massive impact on Western society. During the Cold War, everything in America was about the war. This high involvement of society had numerous effects on America. During the Cold War, the lack of trust among citizens was extremely high. This was due to the fear of communism taking over. This fear was perpetuated by the Domino Theorythe idea that a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a perfectly aligned row of dominos. It caused everyone to be suspicious of nearly everyone else. Propaganda was one major ploy used to fight the Cold War and, furthermore, the ideology of communism in general. One major form of propaganda was modernism. Modernism is essentially a partition from tradition. During the Cold War, broad segments of the American culture and political establishmentincluding the federal government itselftentatively welcomed modernism, finding it an effective propaganda weapon. Modernism was used to shape the worlds view of democracy, but it also shaped America. Although the tactic was originally used to subtly attack communism, it also changed the culture of an entire nation. The prevalence of anti-communist propaganda during the Cold War reached even into American entertainment. One example of this was found in the cinema. Many critics see motion pictures from the Cold War era as allegories that offer disguised comment on American politics in the 1950sthat is, the threat of domestic communism. The majority of movies being released during this time period were about exactly thatthe threat of communism on America. Another example of the impact of the Cold War on so ciety is found in literature. Similar to the cinema, the fear of communism found its way into many authors literary works. In fact, a relatively new literary genre was popularized due to the Cold Wardystopian fiction. Dystopian fiction is said to have been first introduced in 1921 with the writing of We by Yevgeny Zamyatin. We greatly impacted dystopian fiction and how we know it today. This novel introduced the idea of a future with an oppressive government and suppressed individuality. Many more dystopian fiction novels followed We, especially during the Cold War. Three of these novels were 1984, Cats Cradle, and Fahrenheit 451. 1984 by George Orwell 1984 by George Orwell was published in 1939. While the novel isnt from the Cold War era, it did come from a place of fear of the future, as it was published shortly before World War II. These fears that were present before World War II are parallel to those present during the Cold War. 1984 is about a not-so-distant future in which the world is a drastically different place. It follows Winston Smith, who constantly deals with a society in which individuality is not only frowned upon, but prohibited by the government, also called Big Brother. Big Brother is constantly watching and controlling every aspect of society. They even create a new form of English that eliminates peoples way to present independent thoughts. Throughout the story, Winston desperately searches for a way to retain his individuality. To do this, he begins keeping a diary and starts a secret romance with Julia. Both characters are strongly against Big Brother. In the end, they are caught and taken to the Ministry of Love, a prison. Winston and Julia are each tortured and eventually give up their humanity by betraying each other. 1984 contains many aspects similar to We, which means that it fits in the dystopian fiction genre. One example is the oppressive government. Big Brother controls every aspect of everyday life and watches everything. They create the language by which people communicate, decide the beliefs held by the population, and use entertainment to surveill citizens. Additionally, in 1984, there is no artistic expression in any form. Simply writing in a diary, which is what Winston did, is a terrible crime. Lastly, in the society created by Orwell, self-expression and individuality are restricted. Winstons diary was in defiance with this, as he used it to reflect on life and question the government. George Orwell wrote 1984 just before the outbreak of World War II. This time was filled with fear of the coming war and people who were constantly full of suspicion. Even though this book was written prior to the Cold War, it very accurately represents how people felt during that time. Orwell wrote, If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face forever. This is similar to how Americans felt about communism. They believed that the level of sameness involved in communism would stomp out their individuality. Cats Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut Cats Cradle was written in 1963 by Kurt Vonnegut. This novel is essentially a satire about the arms race during the Cold War. The story is narrated by Jonah, or John. He sets out to write a story following prominent people in America at the time of the atomic bomb explosion. In doing this, he comes into contact with the children of one of the co-creators of the atomic bomb. Throughout his journey, he comes into contact with new religions, new governments, and new forms of technology. The end of the novel shows the new theme to be about human stupidity. Many themes are explored throughout Cats Cradle, such as technology and religion. Technology is discussed at great lengths for the whole of the story. According to the story, science was originally meant to help humanity. However, when scientists discovered the technology and had the ability to save human lives, they used it to take life instead. This technology is the atomic bomb. The novel also discusses religion, and, specifically, the failures of religion. Christianity and its message is essentially ignored by humanity. Instead, the religion is distorted so that it is aligned with the military and evil. The religion that takes the place of Christianity is called Bokononism. Bokononism is a mockery of religion in general. Its purpose is to focus on people rather than a deity.The leader is candid about creating a religion filled with lies. In fact, the rules of Bokononism change daily. When he is unable to come up with something new, he suggests suicide. Cats Cradle is very direct in its relation to the Cold War. While the other two examples focus on fear, this book focuses on the literal byproducts of the Cold Warthe effects of the atomic bomb and the arms race. It shows that the fears of the time period werent completely unfounded. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Set hundreds of years from now, Fahrenheit 451 is a novel about a future where books are illegal. Guy Montag, a fireman, is the main character. However, in this alternate future, firemen are responsible for burning the homes of anyone caught hiding books. Montag is married to a woman who is completely immersed in and addicted to interactive television, among other things. When he meets Clarisse, who is the complete opposite of most people in their society, he starts questioning his life. This eventually leads him to take a book that he is supposed to be burning. He comes to the realization that, There must be something in books, something we cant imagine, to make a woman stay in a burning house; there must be something there. You dont stay for nothing. Later, Montags captain, Beatty, visits him in his home after he doesnt go to work. Captain Beatty reinforces the idea that reducing individuality is imperative to society, and books encourage individuality. After reading and discussing books with new friends, Montag becomes appalled by the ignorance in his society and in his own home. When Montag is eventually forced to destroy his books, he decides to kill Beatty and run. At the end of the story, Montag meets a group whose goal is to one day recreate literature from memory so that books are freely available. Many themes are explored in Fahrenheit 451, some of which are technology, censorship, and government. Technology is the main antagonist in this story. Its main purpose is to take the place of individuality, free thought, and free expression. It also aims at taking away real communication and relationships. We see this in the preoccupation with things like the interactive television. Another theme in Fahrenheit 451 is censorship. This is an obvious and very straightforward theme. The government essentially got rid of literature and replaced it with entertainment of their creation in an attempt to censor what ideas entered the population. This leads directly into the theme of government control. Everything was ordered and directed by the government, even the material shown on television. This complete control allowed them to prevent any new or extreme ideas from circulating. All of these themes strongly reflect the culture and society during the Cold War. Fahrenheit 451 represents American society during the Cold War in many ways. The first issue during that time period was censorship in the Soviet Union and other communist countries. Books that were anti-communist were burned, similar to in Fahrenheit 451. Though the majority of censorship did not take place in America, there was still fear. This fear was that censorship in one country would eventually lead to mass censorship, or, as mentioned earlier, the Domino Theory. Another issue was government. In fact, the tensions of the Cold War were due to different ideologies about government. The fear of the governmentwhether of communism or capitalismwas very similar to the fear in the novel. Conclusion In America, every aspect of society reflected what was going on in the Cold War, including social interactions and entertainment, such as movies and literature. The specific genre of literature that became widely popular, dystopian fiction, contained many books that displayed the fears of many Americans. Overall, the Cold War was a time of high suspicion and tension worldwide.

A Brief Note On Atherosclerosis And Cardiovascular System

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION: Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels and the blood inside them. It’s responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrition and waste products throughout the body. The heart is the circulatory pump that transports blood to the entire body. Cardiovascular system has two circulations: systemic and the pulmonary circulations. Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and lungs. Pulmonary circulation starts when the deoxygenated blood enters through superior and the inferior vena cava to the right atrium. The blood passes though Tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary track splits into right and left pulmonary arteries that go to each lung and blood gets oxygenated. The oxygenated blood comes back through pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Systemic circulation starts when the blood enters the left atrium. Systemic circulation is the blood flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The left atrium pumps the blood through mitral valve into the left ventricle. Then the blood passes the aortic valve and enters aorta. Aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. Aorta branches into major arteries to supply the upper part of the body and then it branches into arteries and supplies the lower part of the body. The arte ries branch into smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Oxygen diffuses in the capillaries and deoxygenated bloodShow MoreRelatedThe Cardiovascular System Of Atherosclerosis3729 Words   |  15 Pages The cardiovascular system is composed of thousands of tubes, known as blood vessels that blood travels in. Blood is constantly being pumped to and from the heart through arteries and veins, respectively. Oxygen, nutrients, water, wastes are just some of the substances moving throughout the body via the blood vessels. 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Acute inflammation has two major components: Vascular events The 2 major vascular changes are: (1) Alterations in vascular caliber that lead to an increaseRead MorePathogram: Chronic Respiratory Failure Essays7624 Words   |  31 PagesCare |Assessment |Medical/Nursing Diagnoses |Treatment | |Brief review of the patient |Medical Diagnoses: |Therapeutic Modalities | |Age: 86 years old Read Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pages locomotor skills, and manipulative skills †¢ Perceptual–Motor Skills and Move ­ ment Concepts, which focus on body awareness, spatial awareness, and directional awareness †¢ Active Physical Play, which addresses active participation, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility The competencies covered by the physical development domain center on what preschool children do much of the day. This area of development describes many avenues for young

Allerca cat Free Essays

Creates truly unique products—the world’s first scientifically proven hypoallergenic cats. Genetically engineered, the medium sized ALLERCA GD cat weighs 10-15 pounds and is fully mature at age three. According to ALLERCA, the cats have long life expectancies and possess sweet and affectionate dispositions. We will write a custom essay sample on Allerca cat or any similar topic only for you Order Now For a price of about $3,000, you receive a 12-week-old kitten, complete with all shots and vaccinations, an embedded microchip identifier implant, and a one-year guarantee. Customers purchase kittens over the Internet and must pay approximately $1,000 for processing and transportation. The high shipping cost occurs because commercial air shipping is stressful to the animal; therefore, the kitten travels in a specialized private jet courier. According to ALLERCA, the current wait time for the ALLERCA GD kitten is approximately two years. Potential buyers may reduce their wait times to just a few months by paying $2,000 for one of the few kittens in the Premium Placement Program. This product is sold over the Internet. How can ALLERCA use Internet advertising technologies to reach its target market? (Visit the Internet Advertising Bureau at www. iab. net to learn about recent technologies. ). What might be the main objectives of advertising and pubic relations for ALLERCA and what factors will affect ALLERCA’s decision about its advertising and PR budgets? In addition to Internet marketing, what other advertising media and PR tools would you choose for promoting ALLERCA and its unique products? It is very important to identify the target market. The Allerca GD cats have a lot of benefits for the users including:- 1. They do not cause allergy as induced by other cats 2. They could be beneficial to individuals with health problems such as asthma, psoriasis, skin rashes, etc, and who love cats. Such individuals who may be advised by the doctor not to keep cats in their homes may now do so without any health concerns 3. The life expectancy of such cats are longer 4. these cats are sweet and affectionate compared the generic ones 5. It is easier to identify these cats as they have a microchip embedded beneath their skin 6. The cats are free of disease and infections as they are vaccinated 7. The cats can be purchased over the internet and hence the customer does not have any hassle of going to the buyer and purchasing the cat 8. the Customer gets a guarantee that the cat is genetically modified and has the characteristics claimed to be possessed 9. The animal is given the best treatment as it is not transported by road or air cargo 10. The customer would get the cat earlier if needed a nominal amount is paid The internet strategy of reaching the target audience forms an important part of marketing in order to be successful. The first important step would be to identify the target market. Invariable the organization should involve this in their marketing plan. IF an individual who suffers from a medical condition such as asthma, and is also a feline-lover, he would be searching the electronic media (including radio, TV and the internet) of ways in which he could fulfill his desires. Hence, it important to the organization to identify the exact media that potential customers would be looking in so as to obtain the cats. Any ads placed by the company would be effective only if they reach the customers and match their interests. The company should also be aware that for any advertisement it would be placing in the media, a greater percentage of people would be noticing the ad but not responding to it. Hence, it is very important to have an ad which would catch the attention of the potential customers, who would also be ready to bear the costs of buying the product. One method of doing this would be to have repeated advertisements on the internet, in order to create awareness amongst the audience. Besides, the company should also focus on educating the customer. Such customers would potentially get motivated at purchasing the product (Search Engine Optimization and Beyond, 2008). One important point to not of the internet is that it is a very large means of communication and any advertisement that would be inserted would reach each and every corner of the globe. This does not make life any easier for the manufacturer as he has to search the global market for potential customers. Online survey sites are not able to provide details of the demographics and the type of customers that would be available at specific positions on the internet. Many companies are trying to map their customers on the internet, more often without much success. This is because many people who use the internet consider it to be a very unsafe place, prone for abuse and misuse, and hence may not be willing to give out their personal details. One way of reaching potential customers would be to have advertisements on websites that the target audience is identified. Newsletters that serve to help people needing appropriate products could also be utilized as a source of advertisements and educating the potential customers. Many of the online newsletters seem to have a good customer base, and involving the company producing these newsletters would be very effective in marketing the product over the internet. The company could also help the customers further by asking them their email addresses. Online forms placed at relevant websites could also be utilized by the company and would seem a more genuine and effective approach by the customers. Once the customer gets in touch with the company, a greater amount of interaction, clearing doubts, etc, is required. Online tracking services also seem to be a good approach by the company. If a visitor to the company’s website is having a doubt, then an online chat tool with the company executive could help to clear further doubts. This process is known as ‘web casting’. Besides this, forums, online communities, bulletin boards, etc, help the people in search of getting a particular product or service from the right manufacturers (Search Engine Optimization and Beyond, 2008). Allerca would be having several objectives when it comes to marketing their product. These include:- †¢ Brand-building campaign †¢ Creating interest amongst the general public and the target market †¢ Providing information – in the form of education and awareness campaigns †¢ Creating demand for their product †¢ Reinforcing their brand (Know This, 2008). Some of the information that should be present in the advertisement include:- †¢ Information of the product †¢ Information of the price †¢ Information about other promotions †¢ Information about distribution of the product (Know This, 2008). Allerca could consider using e-mail marketing for their product. This is a very cost-effective form of marketing their products. However, studies have shown that more than 40 % of the people who utilize the internet would ignore an advertisement sent to their email. Consumers need to know that the email being sent to them is safe and is from a genuine organization. Physical email could also be considered by Allerca but this may be costly and a difficult affair as the address of thousands of potential customers need be obtained from the right database. Studies in certain parts of the world suggest that newspaper and magazine advertisements would be one of the right ways of supplementing online advertisements. More than 34 % of the people in a survey felt that direct email was a mean of communication in which a relationship could be maintained, whereas 30 % felt that newspaper advertisements could help bring about a relationship (Tedeschi, 2001). Some of the PR tools that Allerca could consider utilizing include community relations activities, social marketing, event sponsorships and awareness campaigns. Event sponsorship seems to be an effective PR tool in this case. During the conductance of a relevant event, Allerca Company could create some awareness in the target audience though sponsorships and awareness campaigns. The target audience would be brought face to face with the manufacturer during this program. The company executives could realize the expectations of the company. Accordingly they could enter into contract with the consumer or consumer groups. The company would also get an idea of the competitors that may be present. The company can now begin to develop a strategy of competing with other companies. The company could hand out pamphlets, booklets and other material to the audience to ensure that they are educated about the product. It is also important for the company to follow-up with the potential customer after the event (Full Circle Associates, 1999). References: Full Circle Associates (1999). PR Tools and Techniques, Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from Full Circle Associates Web site: http://www. fullcirc. com/rlc/commrelationstips. htm Know This (2008). Principles of Marketing – Setting the Advertising Objective, Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from Know This Web site: http://www. knowthis. com/tutorials/principles-of-marketing/managing-the-advertising-campaign/1. htm Search Engine Optimization and Beyond (2008). Identifying And Reaching Your Target Market, Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from Search Engine Optimization and Beyond Web site: http://search-engine-optimization-and-beyond. com/Customer-Centric-Website-Developement/Identifying-And-Reaching-Your-Target-Market. htm Tedeschi, B. (August 6, 2001). E-Commerce Report; online businesses are supplementing their fleet e-mailings with an old warhorse: direct mailings. Retrieved on June 7, 2008, from The NY Times Web site: http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9501E5DF113CF935A3575BC0A9679C8B63 How to cite Allerca cat, Papers

Research Design - Collecting Population and Sample Data

Question: Write a dissertation metholodogy on how i am planning to complete my research? Answer: Research Methodology A research methodology helps the researcher in collecting the facts, analysing those facts and then interpreting observed facts. (Daniel, 1999) This section of research methodology introduces a logical framework which needs to be followed in the process of leading this study. Our research methodology will be divided into three parts, i.e. research design, collecting population and sample data and analysis of collected data. (Balachandran Guru, 2000) Research Design The major objective of research design will be to plan for selecting the subjects, researching sites procedures for data collection so as to answer the research questions. A research design would be a conceptual framework within which research process would take place and would comprise the blueprint for data collection thereafter the analysis of data that would be collected. (Indian Word Stats, 2010) Based on the objectives of our study and the purposes to be served by the study and the kind of data involved, qualitative exploratory research design would be implemented. The purpose or the objective will be to provide clear understanding of internet banking, its impact importance, its usages with main concentration on benefits and disadvantages of using internet banking. Qualitative data would be collected from the customers of banks which are either using internet banking services or are not using internet banking services, also from bank employees. (Lichtenstein Williamson, 2006) In the first phase of the research qualitative research methodology will be used. Pilot testing of survey helps to attain the in-depth response from the target group. On the basis of this in the second phase exploratory research methodology will be used. The execution of the research would begin with the questionnaire. In this screening criterion will be used by us, so as to identify the target group for this research. The screening will take place on the basis of 3 questions: Do target audience have internet access? Do target audience know how to use internet. Do the target audience banks provide internet banking facility? (Rogers, 1995) The research would travel through the target groups perception about the manual banking also. In order to measure the impact of manual banking transactions it was important to take the opinion from the target group about manual banking. Thereafter, the study will be divided into 2 parts: the customers who dont use internet banking and customers who use internet banking. It is important to bifurcate in order to understand the perceptions of the customers completely. This bifurcation helped to correlate the information between both the users and non-users of internet banking. It will also guide us to evaluate the present level of satisfaction of the customers who are the users of internet banking. The assessment of different frameworks will end up with the landscape study of the areas, which are required to be improved by the banks. The studies done earlier have mentioned that ease of use, reliability, accessibility, personality, accuracy, efficiency security could influence the use o f internet banking. At the time of conducting the survey the major focus will be on all the possible demographics, i.e. sex, age, occupation status, financial status, etc. The purpose behind covering different demographics would be to minimize the survey errors, as the sample of population needs to be taken for the purpose of completing the study. Questionnaire would be prepared in accordance to Likerts five point scale in order to calculate the opinion on different parameters by different customers. (Chau Patrick, 1996) Population Sample Target Population The first indicator to have the targeted sample would be the customers of banks who have internet access, know how to use internet whose bank provides the internet banking facilities. The sample for conducting the survey includes customers from Britain (UK). The research would cover different customers from different banks from different locations of Britain. Britain is considered as mini U.K. While conducting this survey we would take suggestions from the employees of biggest banks of UK like Bank of Scotland, Barclays HSBC in order to get more in-depth knowledge about internet banking. The survey will also aim on covering all the demographic factors in the sample itself. (Mayer, Davis Schoorman, 1995) Sample Size The customers of the banks would be our sample for the research. In total 20 bank customers from different localities from different banks were surveyed. Out of 20 people approached, the replies we got were 10, which fitted in our target population criteria. The data analysis is based on those 10 bank customers. The respondent file that took the survey and completed it is given in the below table: (Ainin, Lim Wee, 2005) Respondent Profile for Non Internet Banking Users Internet Banking Users Basis/Factors Users of Internet Banking (Total=4) Non-Users of Internet Banking (Total= 6) Total i.e. 10 Post graduates Graduates Under Graduates 3 1 0 2 3 1 5 4 1 Male Female 3 1 4 2 7 3 Income level below 2 million/year Income level above 2 million/year 3 1 5 1 8 2 Age 20-30 Age 30-40 Age 40-50 2 1 1 3 2 1 5 3 2 Data Collection For collecting the data the primary and secondary sources would be used. Secondary sources like internet, banking websites, journals and reports would be used in order to complete the study. Also primary sources would be used such as closed and open ended questionnaires were prepared for the customers through survey monkey. The purpose of the questionnaires would be to find out information regarding the level of usage of internet baking, services offered, customers demographic, satisfaction level of customers, benefits of internet banking, and growth opportunities of internet banking, the disadvantages and challenges faced by the users of internet banking. The questionnaire method of research will help us to save time cost for the researchers as well as the respondents. (Greenland, 1995) Data Analysis The analysis has been made on 10 target responses which were received after conducting the survey. The respondents had different educational qualifications, were of different age groups. The aim of the study would be to find out the perception of the customers about internet banking. From the selected sample of 10 respondents, it is observed that 60% of the sample does not use internet banking facilities provided by banks. The rate at which banks invest in providing such kind of services is growing, mere 40% users reflects a big gap between the investments and its returns. From the results of the survey it is clear that role of education is not much important in improving the usage of internet banking services. This study reflected that there is a major difference between educated non users of internet banking and users of internet banking. Academic people were using more of internet banking facilities. Earlier researchers did not studied this factor while doing there research. This becomes vital in a country where the education level is not too high. Gender of customers also does not play an important role in using internet banking services. The study reflected that females are less internet banking users when compared to makes. Thereafter a small research is done on the usage of internet banking and the gender role. In the same way, the study revealed that people belonging to higher income groups are more users of internet banking. However, age and choices of internet banking are independent of each other. The customers from a younger age group are more users of internet banking when compare with older age group people. (Ndubisi Sinti, 2006) The above observations and findings showcase that customers which believe that manual banking is more convenient and are not using internet banking. This out dated and age hold perception has become so strong that even such efficient fast modes like internet banking or banking through mobiles has not been able to change it. The major reasons for this out dated perception are the manual banking offers more flexibility human interaction. There is no reason that motivates the customers to use internet banking facilities as the customers have a strong confidence that manual banking is convenient and easy to use. (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975) According to the data collected it showed that 50% of total respondents are happy with the manual banking services, so this would be the strongest criteria for the customers, which influences their mind not to go for internet banking services. Almost 10% of the customers were neutral, i.e. they may choose to use internet banking services if they are given motivation to do so. The reason behind high number of non-internet banking customers may be due to manual banking providing better service quality. The biggest reason behind any failure or acceptance of electronic commerce is service quality. (Basyir, 2000) In many earlier studies conducted also showed that biggest concern for not using internet banking services is security. Almost 60% of the customers do not prefer to use internet banking services due to high level of cybercrimes like hacking, phishing, etc. on the other hand the result showed 15% of the respondents have faced such problems in past, so they do not prefer to use online banking services. This could be the reason why 25% of customers do not prefer internet banking services as shown in table 3, 4, 5. (Khalil Pearson, 2007) The biggest factor that is stopping customers to use internet banking services is the security concern. This reflects the conceptual framework which states that security is an important factor for accepting any service. The biggest factor which motivates to opt for internet banking is trust. Users are convinced about internet usage. Thus the motivating factor behind internet banking usage is trust, if banks are able to build trust on the customers by providing proper security, customers will definitely opt for internet banking services. (Huam, 2008) References Ainin, S., Lim, C. H., Wee, A. (2005). Prospects and challenges of E-banking in Malaysia. The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 22 (1), 1-11. Huam, et al. (2008). Predictors of intention to continue using internet banking services: An empirical study of current users. International Journal of Business and Information, 3(2), 233-244. Internet World Stats, Usage and Population Statistics. (2010). Internet usage is Asia. [Online] Available: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm#asia (September, 28, 2010). Khalil, M.N., Pearson, J. M. (2007). The influence of trust on internet banking acceptance. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 12 (2), 1-10. Lichtenstein, S., Williamson, K. (2006). Understanding consumer adoption of internet banking: An interpretive study in the Australian Banking Context. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 7(2), 50-66. Mayer, R.C., Davis, J.H., Schoorman, F.D. (1995). 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